Working Principle of Spider Robots

The core principle is that multiple independent arms work in parallel to drive a single moving platform.

1. Core Structure

1. Base Platform: The fixed base.
2. Moving Platform: The end-effector that carries the tooling.
3. Drive Arms: Typically 3 or 4 arms, each driven by an independent servo motor on the base.
4. Forearm Links: Lightweight rods connecting the drive arms to the moving platform via spherical joints.

1. Working Process

1. Command Reception: The control system receives the target coordinates.
2. Inverse Kinematics Calculation: The system calculates the required angle for each servo motor to reach the target simultaneously.
3. Coordinated Drive: All servo motors rotate their drive arms precisely and in sync.
4. Platform Movement: The motion of the drive arms, transmitted through the forearms, moves the platform.
5. Task Execution: The platform moves to the target to perform tasks like picking and placing.

III. Simple Analogy

Imagine moving a cup by supporting it with three fingers. All three fingers must move in a coordinated way to control the cup’s position—this is how a parallel robot works.

In summary, the spider robot uses a “centrally coordinated, parallel drive” principle, trading some workspace for unparalleled speed, rigidity, and precision.