Types of Pneumatic Cylinders

1. Classified by Actuation Method

1. Single-Acting Cylinders
   • Principle: Air pressure drives in one direction (extend), and a spring (or external force) returns it.
   • Characteristics: Simple, low air consumption. Uneven force, limited stroke.
2. Double-Acting Cylinders
   • Principle: Air pressure drives both extension and retraction.
   • Characteristics: High, controllable force. Standard, most common type.

1. Classified by Function & Special Structure

1. Rodless Cylinders
   • Principle: The piston drives an external carriage via magnetic or mechanical coupling. No piston rod extends.
   • Characteristics: Saves space, allows long strokes.
2. Guided Cylinders
   • Principle: Integrated linear guide resists side loads and torque.
   • Characteristics: High rigidity, precision, prevents binding.
3. Compact Cylinders
   • Principle: Very low profile/short axial length.
   • Characteristics: Saves height, used in tight spaces.
4. Rotary Cylinders
   • Principle: Converts linear motion into 90° or 180° rotary output via a rack and pinion.
   • Characteristics: Used for part turning or indexing.
5. Grippers
   • Principle: Drives two or more “jaws” to grip and release.
   • Characteristics: End-effector for robots.
6. Multi-Position Cylinders
   • Principle: Stops at several preset positions.
   • Characteristics: Enables intermediate positioning.

III. Classified by Cushioning

• Adjustable Cushioning: Allows tuning of end-of-stroke deceleration.
• Fixed Cushioning: Pre-set cushioning.

Summary: Double-acting cylinders are the workhorse, while special types solve specific needs for space, load, or motion.